FAALLO: Xeerka Saxaafadda, Xeerka Ciqaabta Guud iyo Dacwaddaha Saxaafadda.

Waxaa xaqiiqo jirta ah in saxaafadda xad-gudub loo geysto iyaduna ay geysato; waxaynu wada ognahay in xukumad kasta oo Somaliland soo martey ay isku xumaayeen saxaafadda. Waxaa joogta ah eeddaha iyo dhaleecaynta ay isku jeedinayaan xukumadda iyo saxaafaddu. Dulucda khilaafkooduna waxay ku kooban tahay dhinac aan rabin inuu sharcigu qabto oo xadhko goys ah iyo dhinaca kale oo iyaguna xeerkay doonaan qabadsiinaya iyagoo garsoorka adeegsanaya, siday doonaana ugu tacadiyaya. Waxaa weliba jirta oo weligeed jiraysay in xukumaddahii kala dambeeyey ay markasta adeegsadaan saxaafadda lafteeda si ay ugu tacadiyaan isla saxaafadda. Haseyeeshee, imika ujeeddadeenu maaha innaynu falan-qayno khilaafaadka ka dhex dhaca saxaafadda iyo xukumadda. Ujeeddada ugu muhiimsan ee qoraalkani waa in aynu falan-qayn ku sameyno Xeerka Saxaafadda iyo Xeerka Ciqaabta; kala mudnaantooda sharci iyo xidhiidhka ay la leeyihiin eeddaynta ama dacwad-oogista lidka ku ah suxufiyiinta.

Xeerka Saxaafadda

Xeerka saxaafadda Somaliland oo loogu yeedho Xeerka Saxaafadda (Xeer Lr. 27/2004)[i] Wuxuu Golaha Wakiilladu ansaxiyey 18-kii Jeenaweri 2004-tii. Haseyeeshee, xeerkani waxaa markii ugu horeysay la horkeenay Golaha Wakiillada sannadkii 1997-dii.  Mashruuc-sharcigaasi 1997-kii oo loogu yeedhi jiray “Xeerka Warfaafinta” waxaa laga soo dheegtay Xeerka Saxaafadda ee ay dawladda Itoobiya samaysatay sannadkii 1992-kii[ii]. Xeerkani Itoobiya oo dawladda u ogolaanaya inay xadhig u geysato suxufiyiinta[iii] ayey hay’addaha xuquuqaha aadamuhu aad uga qayliyeen, kana soo saareen warbiximooyin dhiileysan, warbixinahaasi waxaa kamid ah warbixintani hay’adda xuquuqal insaanka ee Human Rights Watch ay soo saartey 10-kii March 2010-ka ee la yidhaahdo Boqolka Hab ee Caddaadis Saarista (One Hundrend Ways of Putting Pressure)[iv]. Haddaba, mashruucaasi sharci ee 1997-kii waxaa ku jiray qodobbo badan oo xusaya dembiyo ciqaab ah oo saxaafadda qabanaya iyo kuwo toos uga hor imanaya xoriyatul-qawlka. Sidaas darteed hay’addaha warbaahinta iyo ururada xuquuqaha aadamahu aad bay uga qayliyeen. Waxaanay ku guuleysteen inuu mashruucaasi sharci socon waayo. Sannadahii 1999-ka iyo 2003-dii ayaa dib loo soo celiyey. Sidii oo kale ayey haddana hay’addaha warbaahinta, ururada xuquuqaha aadamaha iyo kuwa dimuqraadiyadda Somaliland u dooddaa uga horyimaadeen iyagoo ku dooddaya inay khalad tahay in dalka laga hirgeliyo mashruuc-sharcigani ku saleysan xeerkani ka midka ah kuwa ugu xun adduunka.[v]

Ugu dambeyn, waxaa xeerkani saxaafadda la ansaxiyey 18-kii Jeenawari 2004-tii, iyadoo arrimahii ay warbaahintu ka cabanaysay badankooga meesha laga saaray. Haseyeeshee, arrimo dhawr ah oo aad looga walaacsanaa ay ku jiraan. Arrimahaas waxaa kamid ahaa in xeerkani uu khuseeyo dhammaan saxaafadda oo dhan; ta qoraalka ah, Raadyoowga, Telefishanada IWM. Waxaana wanaagsanayd inay dhawr xeer kala yeeshaan oo aan dusha layska saarin. Waxaa iyadna aad loola yaabay in xeerkani uu ereyga “saxaafad” ku qeexayo sidan:

“’Saxaafad’ micnaheedu waa abuuridda hawlqabad kasta oo saamaynaya maskaxda iyo fikrad[d]aha dadweynaha oo dhan, sida: wargeysyada, joornaallada, qoraallo xiliyeedyo, wakaalladdaha wararka, raadiyaha, telefishanka, filimada la daawado, (filimo & video), masawirada, kartoonada, buuggaga, miyuusiga iyo wax kasta oo loogu talo galo isku xidhiidhinta wadareed (mass communication).”[vi]

Waxaa markaasi aad loo daneynayey oo xitaa Gollaha Guurtida loo soo jeediyey in qeexiddani lagu soo soo koobo saxaafadda qoraalka ah (press) iyo tan hawada ah (broadcasting) oo laga reebo filimada, fiidyaha, masawirada, buuggaga, miyuusiga IWM[vii]. Haseyeeshee, laguma guuleysan.

Muhiimada Xeerka Saxaafadda

Xeerkani waa sharci ka soo baxay baarlamanka Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland, waana sharciga ugu mudan shuruucda dalka lagaga shaqeeyo marka laga hadlayo arrimaha saxaafadda. Sida ku xusan Qodobka 31aad ee xeerkani ‘xeer kasta, sharci kasta, wareegto kasta iyo amar kasta oo xeerkani khilaafsani way burayaan’. Waxaa markaasi saxaafadda loo eeddaynayaa si waafaqsan xeerkani saxaafadda.

Qodobka 3aad ee xeerkani ayaa xaqiijinaya xoriyadda saxaafadda iyo xuquuqda isku abaabulka ururo xirfaddeedyo leh dallad guud iyo xeer-hoosaad anshax oo mideysan. Waxaanu qodobkani mamnuucayaa cabudhinta saxaafadda iyo wax kasta oo loo qadan karo faaf-reeb.

Qodobka 10aad ee xeerkani ayaa saxaafadda ku waajibinaya u hoggaansanaanta xeerkani saxaafadda sida xaqiijinta wax soo saarka saxaafaddeed ee runta ah, xafidaada iyo ilaalinta sirta ciidamada qaranka. Qodobkani wuxuu saxaafadda ka reebayaa faafinta muuqaalo anshax-xumo oo qaawani ah, iyo baahinta faallooyin iyo maqaallo lagu ceebaynayo ku dhaqanka iyo karaamada diinta islaamka iyo bixinta cashuurta ruqsada.

Qodobbo kale ayaa saxaafadda ka reebaya inay ku kacaan fal xad-gudubyo ku ah xoriyadda gaarka ah ee shakhsiyaddeed. Tusaale ahaan, Qodobka 15aad wuxuu saxaafadda ka mamnuucayaa inay daba-gasho nolosha gaarka ah ee qofka isaga oo aan ogayn ama inay sawiro qarsoodi ah ka qaadaan isagoo ku sugan hoy gaar ah. Qodobka 17aadna wuxuu mamnuucayaa in la baahiyo waxyaabo si qarsoodi ah loo duubay ama baasisada dadka. Qodobbada 23aad, 24aad iyo 25aad waxay caddeynayaan inay saxaafadda ka reeban tahay wareysiga iyo ka warbixinta dacwaddaha carruurta, dadka dhibaneyaasha la fara-xumeeyey ah iyo aabbe-laaweyaasha.

Qodobka 30aad ee xeerkani ayaa saraakiisha dawladda ku waajibinaya inay la shaqeeyaan oo gacan siiyaan saxaafadda. Waxaanu sidoo kale xukumadda ku waajibinayaa inay dhiiri-galiso saxaafadda isla markaana taakulayso intii macquul ah.

Guud ahaan, xeerkani waa mid xaqiijinaya xoriyadda saxaafadda, isla markaana waajibaad dusha ka saaraya saxaafadda; wax ka reebaya, waxna ka mamnuucaya inay ku kacdo. Sharci ahaan, xeerkani waxaa loogu talo-galay in lagu ilaasho xuquuqaha dastuuriga ah ee rayi dhiibashada, fikirka xorta ah iyo saxaafadda xorta ah. Waxaanay ujeeddadiisu tahay in la helo saxaafad xor ah oo loo sameeyey min-qiyaas lagu xakamayn karo hawl-gudashadeeda.

Meelaha uu xeerkani gal-daloolada ku leeyahay waxaa ugu muhiimsan in xeerkani aanu si hufan oo wax ku ool ah u caddeynin qaabka loo wajahayo dacwaddaha khuseeya hawlaha saxaafadda. Tusaale ahaan, Qodobka 10aad faqraddiisa 6aad waxaa lagu sheegay in saxaafadda ku xad-gudubta faqraddaha qodobkani (xaqiijinta wax soo saar run ah, ilaalinta sirta ciidamada, faafinta muuqaalo anshax-xumo ah iyo ceebaynta ku dhaqanka diinta islaamka IWM) loo raacayo anshax-marinta ku xusan xeer-hoosaadka anshaxa saxaafadda iyo xeerarka madaniga ah ee dalka ee falkoodu khuseeyo. Waxayse dhibtu tahay waajibaadka saxaafadda qodobkani oo keliya kuma xusna ee qodobbada kale ee aynu kor ku soo sheegnayna wuu ku xusan yahay, haddaba, marka saxaafaddu ay ku xad-gudubto qodobbada kale ee xeerkani maxaa la yeelayaa? Ilayn faqraddani kor ku xusan arrimaha Qodobkani 10aad ku xusan ayaa gaar looga dhigaye? Xeerku waxba kamuu odhan waxa laga yeelayo xad-gudubyada lagu sameeyo qodobbada kale ee xeerkani.

 Arrinta kale ee dhibaatadu ka taagan tahay waa xeer-hoosaadka anshaxa saxaafadda oo aanay wax anshax-marin ahi ku xusnayn. Hadda, waaba xeer-hoosaadka ay faqraddu ka hadlayso oo ee loo raacayo saxaafadda ku xad-gudubta arrimaha ku xusan Qodobka 10aad ee xeerkan. Waxay u muuqataa in saxaafaddii ka dagaalamaysay qodobbadii dacwaddaha khuseeyey ee xeerkani ku xusnaa xiligii uu baarlamanku ka dooddayey, ay ku wacad furtay deddaaladii loo galay saxaafadda xorta ah oo markii xeerka la ansaxiyey ee la yidhi xeer-hoosaad anshaxeed oo idin qabta keena ay la yimaadaan xeer-hoosaadkani imika jira ee aanu ku jirin qodob qudha oo anshax-marin ah. Waa meeshani halka ay wax ka xumaadeen. Dabadeed, waxaa timid in markasta oo saxaafadda dacwad loo qabsado ay ku dooddo xeerka saxaafadda ha la raaco; xeerkii saxaafadda iyo xeer-hoosaadkii anshaxa saxaafadda midkoodna ma xusayo hal talaabo oo anshax-marin ah. Markaasi ayuu garsoorkuna isagoon u aabbo yeelayn ku qaadaa xeerka ciqaabta.

Sannaddihii 2007-dii iyo 2013-kii ayaa laysku dayey in xeerkani saxaafadda wax ka badel lagu sameeyo oo la naax-naaxiyo. Haseyeeshee, labada jeerba saxaafaddu afka ayey gacanta saartay iyagoo ku dooddey in wax ka badelada lagu sameynayo xeerka saxaafaddu ay awooddo badan siinayaan Wasiirka Wasaaradda Warfaafinta oo uu ku xayiri karo, ku xidhi karo, kula wareegi karo wargeysyada iyo in dacwaddaha saxaafadda khuseeya loo raacayo xeerka ciqaabta iyo qodobbo kale oo xusaya ciqaab oo ku jiray wax ka badelka.[viii]

Wax ka badelkii Golaha Wakiillada la hor keenay 4/11/2007, waxaa kelmad-kelmad[ix] looga soo dheegtay Xeerka Saxaafadda ee Yemen (Xeer Lr. 25/1990), oo xiligaasi; sannadihii 2005-ta ilaa 2007-da Yemen dhexdeeda deddaalo loogu jiray in la badelo.

Xeerka Ciqaabta

Xeerkani Ciqaabta ee imika Somaliland lagaga shaqeeyaa waa xeerkii ciqaabta ee dawladdii Soomaaliyeed ee burburtay. Waxaa xeerkani la qoray 1957-kii, markii uu Talyaanigu xukumayey Soomaaliya. Waxaa qortay “Maxkamaddii Caddaaladda ee Soomaaliya”. Waxaana laga soo dheegtay Xeerkii Ciqaabta ee Talyaanigu qortay sannadkii 1930-kii, oo intii hore lagaga shaqayn jiray Soomaaliya. Markii uu midowgii Soomaliya iyo Somaaliland dhacay ee la abbuuray Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliyeed, ayuu Golahii Baarlamanka ee Jamhuuriyaddii Soomaaliyeed soo saaray Sharci Lr.05 oo soo baxay 30-kii Jeenawari 1962-kii. Sharcigani wuxuu xukumadda awood u siiyey inay lix bilood gudahood ku soo diyaariso Xeerka Ciqaabta, Xeerka Habka Ciqaabta, Xeerka Taraafikada Iyo Xeerka Nidaamka Garsoorka. Kadibna guddi sharci-yaqaano ah oo loo saaray arrintani ayaa go’aamiyey in la qaato Xeerkani Ciqaabta ee Soomaaliya lagaga shaqayn jiray, halka Xeerka Habka Ciqaabtana laga dhigay kii Somaliland lagaga shaqayn jiray oo ahaa Xeerka Habka Ciqaabta ee Hindiya ay qoratey 1860-kii. Waxaa Xeerkani Ciqaabta la ansaxiyey Diisember 1962-kii, waxaanu dhaqan-galay 3dii Abril 1964-kii.

Xeerkani oo sidaynu sheegnay ka soo jeeda Xeerka Ciqaabta Talyaaniga oo la qoray 1930-kii ayeynu weli ku dhaqanaa. Runtii, waa xeer aan meelo kooban kala jaan-qaadi karayn shareecada Islaamka iyo dastuurkeena ba. Inkastoo maxkamaddahu aanay ku dhaqmin qodobbada badan oo si toos ah uga hor imanaya shareecada Islaamka iyo dhaqanka bulshadeena. Haseyeeshee, waa xeerka aynu ku dhaqano ee dalkeena dhaqan-galka ka ah.

Qodobka 130(5) ee Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland ayaa jidaynaya in Somaliland lagaga dhaqmayo xeerarkii hore loogaga dhaqmi jiray xiligii Dawladdii Soomaaliyeed. Haseyeeshee, wuxuu qodobku ku xidhayaa shuruudo iyo muddo lagu dhaqmi karo oo ah in aanu xeerku ka hor-imanayn:

1)    Shareecadda Islaamka.

2)   Xuquuqda qofka iyo xoriyaadka aasaasiga ah.

3)   Inta laga soo saarayo xeerar waafaqsan Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland.

4)   Waxaana lagu horkeenayaa xeer walba ugu yaraan muddada uu xaddido Gollaha Wakiilladu.

Dhammaan shuruuddahani way qabanayaan Xeerkani Ciqaabta; waa marka kowaade, Xeerkani Ciqaabtu wuxuu meelo badan kahor imanayaa Shareecadda Islaamka. Markaa waxay ahayd in aan lagu dhaqmin, laakiin markii la waayey xeer kale oo xiligaasi jira, waxaa lays tusay in inta aan waafaqsanayn Shareecadda Islaamka aan lagu dhaqmin, macquulna maaha oo haddii ay maxkamaddu ku dhaqanto qodob si toos ah uga hor imanaya Shareecadda Islaamka waxaa xukunkaasi lagu jebinayaa Maxkamadda Rafcaanka ama Maxkamadda Sare.

Waa marka labaade, xeerkani lama jaan-qaadi karo aragtiyahani casriga ah ee xuquuqaha aadamaha iyo xoriyaadka aasaasiga ah. Xeerkani qoritaankiisii waxaa ka soo wareegtay qarni ku dhowaad. Talyaaniga oo sameystay ayaa waxyaabo badan ka badelay, tusaale ahaan Talyaanigu xukunka qisaasta wuxuu ku badeshay 21 sanno oo xadhiga ah. Arrimaha khuseeya ka ganacsiga jidhka (dhileysiga) xeer gaar ah ayuu u sameystayba. Arrimaha khuseeya kutiri-kuteenka (Propaganda) oo aynu innagu u cuskano Qodobka 215 ee xeerkani laguna qaado qofkasta oo wax dhaliila ama warbaahinta wax ka sheega, Talyaanigu waabu laalay oo wuxuu yidhi wuxuu ka horimanayaa xuquuqaha Dastuuriga ah[x]. Xeerka Ciqaabta ee Talyaanigu wuxuu maanta gaadhsiisan yahay heer uu Garsoorahu amri karo in maxbuuska xabsiga ku xidhan loo fasaxo inuu shaqaysto. Xeerkani waxyaabo badan oo uu ku ilaalinayo Saraakiisha Dawladda ayaan la jaan-qaadi karayn xuquuqaha muwaadiniinta ee Dastuurka ku xusan[xi].

Waa marka saddexaade, Xeerkani Ciqaabtu wuxuu dhaqan-gal ahaanayaa inta uu baarlamaanka Somaliland soo saarayo xeer ciqaabeed Dastuurka waafaqsan. Arrimaha xeerkani ku qoran ee ay baarlamaanka Somaliland ka soo saareen xeerar gaar ah laguma dabaqi karo xeerkani oo qodobkani dastuuriga ah ayaa diiddaya. Qodobka 13aad ee Xeerkani Ciqaabtuna wuxuu dhigayaa in arrimaha ku wada xusan xeerkani iyo xeer gaar u ah uu ku sareynayo xeerka gaarka ah sababtoo ah Xeerka Ciqaabtu waa sharci guud ahaaneed, halka xeerka gaar ahina uu u khaas yahay arrimo gaar ah. Tusaale ahaan, Xeerka Mukhaadaraadka Xeer Lr. 21/2002 wuxuu u khaas yahay arrimaha mukhaadaraadka iyo maan-dooriyaha, waxaanu laalayaa qodobbo ku jira Xeerka Ciqaabta oo khuseeya mukhaadaraadka iyo sakhrada, isaga ayaana uga mudan arrin kasta oo khusaysa mukhaadaraadka. Waxaa la mid ah Xeerka Nabad-geliyada iyo Xeerkani Saxaafadda ee aynu imika hadal hayno.

Xeerkani ciqaabtu wuxuu qabanayaa qof kasta oo muwaadin reer Somaliland ah. Weriyeyaasha iyo dadka saxaafadda ka hawl-galaana dadka ay la mid yihiin. Qofka saxaafadda ka hawl-galaa dembiga uu galo isagoon hawlaha saxaafadda gacanta kula jirin waxaa loo raacayaa Xeerka Ciqaabta. Waxaynu badanaa isku xidhnaa qofka iyo mihnadiisa. Qofku inta uu hawlaha mihnadiisa hayo wuxuu leeyahay xuquuqda iyo waajibaad ay mihnaddaasi siinayso. Haseyeeshee, mar kasta qofka lalama xidhiidhin karo mihnaddiisa, waxaanu sharciga kala siman yahay muwaadiniinta caadiga ah. Markaa horta waxaa muhiim ah in aad loo tixgaliyo marka uu weriyahu iskii fal-dembiyeed u galo iyo marka uu sharciga ku gefo isagoo ku gudo jira hawlaha saxaafadda. Sharci ahaan, arrintani muhiimad gaar ah ayey leedahay, waxaase laga yaabaa saxaafadda iyo dadweynahuba in aanay fahamsanayn.

Sida ku xusan Xeerka Saxaafadda, xeer kasta, sharci kasta, amar kasta iyo qodob kastaba waxaa arrimaha saxaafadda uga mudan Xeerka Saxaafadda. Sidaas darteed, markay arrimaha saxaafadda noqoto Xeerka Ciqaabta waxaa ka mudan Xeerka Saxaafadda.

Runtii, dhibaatada imika taagani waxay ka dhalatay in saxaafaddu ay soo dhoob-dhoobatay xeer-hoosaad bilaa anshax-marin ah. Waxaana la qaldamay markii la yidhi idinku xeer-hoosaad soo sameysta. Dabcan, iyaga ayey tahay inuu xeer-hoosaadku ka yimaado, laakiin waxay ahayd inay xeer-hoosaadka sameyso Guddi Qaran (National Media Council) la aasaasi karayey oo la xisaabtan leh. Saxaafadduna may muujin waddaniyad iyo rabitaan ay u qabaan in ay jiraan wax dabar u noqda. Haddii xeer-hoosaadkooga uu ku dhignaan lahaa nidaam anshax-marineed oo la raaci karo, waxaa la dabaqi lahaa Qodobka 10(6) Xeerka saxaafadda oo waxaa la raaci lahaa xeer-hoosaadka. Imika se dhibtu waxay tahay xeer-hoosaadkii uu Xeerka Saxaafaddu dhigayey in lagu dhaqmo ma dhigayo wax anshax-marin ah, Xeerkii Ciqaabtuna wuxuu ku jiraa xeerarka uu burinayo Xeerka Saxaafaddu.

Dacwaddaha Saxaafadda

Waxaa badanaa saxaafadda lagu eeddeeyaa qodobbada Xeerka Ciqaabta, waxaana lagu sababeeyaa in Xeerka Saxaafaddu aanu dhigayn ciqaab iyo anshax-marin toona. Saxaafadduna waxay ku dooddaa in dacwaddahooga loo raaco Xeerka Saxaafadda iyo xeer-hoosaadkooga. Sida imika dhacdaa waxay u dhigan tahay in weriyuhu marka uu saxaafadda hawlaheega ku jiro iyo marka aanu ku jirin ba uu Xeerka Ciqaabtu isku si u qabanayo.

Waxaa muhiima in la fahmo in Xeerka Saxaafaddu uu yahay xeerka u gaarka saxaafadda uguna mudan markay noqoto arrimaha saxaafadda. Xeerka saxaafadda meelna kagama xusno fal-dembiyeedka uu suxufigu galo waxaa loo raacayaa Xeerka Ciqaabta. Haseyeeshee, waxaaba ku xusan in saxaafadda ku xad-gudubta faqraddaha qodobka 10aad ee Xeerka Saxaafadda (xaqiijinta wax soo saar run ah, ilaalinta sirta ciidamada, faafinta muuqaalo anshax-xumo ah iyo ceebaynta ku dhaqanka diinta islaamka IWM) loo raacayo anshax-marinta ku xusan xeer-hoosaadka anshaxa saxaafadda iyo xeerarka madaniga ah ee dalka ee falkoodu khuseeyo.

Waa muhiima in Maxkamaddaha hoose ay ku xisaabtamaan Qodobbada Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland ee khuseeya xuquuqaha aadamaha iyo xorriyaadka aasaasiga ah. Maxkamadduhu waa in aanay il-duufin nuxurka Qodobka 32aad faqraddiisa 3aad ee Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Somaaliland oo u dhigan sidani:

“Saxaafadda iyo warbaahinta kale waxay ka mid yihiin xorriyaadka asaasiga ah ee ra'yi- dhiibashada, waxayna leeyihiin madax-bannaanidooda; way reebban tahay tallaabo kasta oo lagu cabudhinayo; hawshoodana xeer baa nidaaminaya”

Maxkamaddaha hoose marka dacwad kasta la horkeeno, gaar ahaan kuwa khuseeya saxaafadda, waa inay ku dhaqmaan talaabooyinkani hoos ku xusan:

1.     Waa inay tixgelinta siyaan oo hubiyaan in dacwaddu aanay waxba u dhimayn xuquuqaha qofka iyo xorriyaadka aasaasiga ah ee Dastuurku uu ilaashay.

2.    Waa inay Maxkamaddu hubisaa xeerka Suxufiga lagu eeddaynayaa ma buuxiyey shuruuddaha ku cad Qodobka 130(5) ee Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland? Ma xeer kale oo ka mudan baa jira. Maaha in Xeer-ilaalinta iyo Xukumaddu ay doortaan xeerka iyo qodobka qofka qabanaya?

3.    Waa inay Maxkamaddu ku dhaqantaa Qodobka 21aad ee Dastuurka oo ay hubisaa in aan wax loo dhimayn xuquuqaha iyo xoriyaadka uu Dastuurku dhigayo si waafaqsan bayaannada xuquuqaha aadamaha iyo xeerarka caalamiga ah ee Dastuurka ku xusan.

4.    Haddii ay maxkamaddu u aragto in xeerka lagu eeddaynayo qofku aanu waafaqsanayn ama ka hor-imanayo Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland ama aanu buuxinayn shuruuddaha ku cad Qodobka 130(5) ee Dastuurka, waa in iyadoo dabaqaysa Qodobka 15aad ee Xeerka Nidaamka Garsoorka dacwadda u gudbisaa Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah si ay go’aan uga soo saarto.

Dacwaddaha saxaafadda khuseeya waxaa sidoo kale muhiima in lagu xisaabtamo in qofka saxaafadda ka hawl-galaa uu kaalin muhiima bulshada kaga jiro. Saddexda waaxood ee Qaranka, waxaa afar lagaga dhigaa warbaahinta sababtoo ah waxay ku hadashaa afka dadweynaha (saaxafaddu maaha meherad ganacsi iyo wax uu qof ku adeegto), waxaana loo baahan yahay in saxaafadda danta guud ka hadlaysa la taageero, ta ummadda hadimaynaysana si sharci ah wax looga qabto.

Muranka dacwaddu marka uu yahay saxaafad wax ka qortay sarkaal qaran, waa in mudnaanta kowaad la siiyaa madax-bannaanida saxaafadda waayo shaqada saxaafadda waxaa ugu muhiimsan inay la socoto shaqada dawladda kana hadasho wixii khaldan iyo wax kasta oo danta qaranka dhibaataynaya. Saxaafaddu waxay ka faalloon kartaa talaabo kasta oo ay hay’addaha xukumaddu ku kacaan. Haddii sarkaalka ama hay’adda dawladda ee wax laga qoray uu soo dacwoodo, waxaa wanaagsan in dacwad madani ah lagu dacweeyo saxaafadda. Waxaanay wadamada caalamka badankoogu isku raaceen in eeddaymaha ciqaabta ah ee khuseeyaa cayda ama sumcad-dilista dadka xilka hayaa ay dhiiiri-gelinayso in saxaafadda la cabadhiyo oo cid kasta oo wax laga qoraa ay sheeganayso in la caayey ama sumcad-dilis lagu sameeyey. Arrimahani waxaa qurux badan in aan dacwaddo ciqaaba laga furin. Sharafta qofka masuulka ah waxaa lagu ilaalin karaa dacwad madani ah ama anshax-marin. Kadibna, haddii saxaafadda lagu helo waxaa lagu xukumi karaa ganaax badan. Kaasi oo aan waxba yeelayn xorriyaddii saxaafadda isla markaana culays saaraya saxaafadda gefka ku kacda.

Mida kale ee muhiimka ahi waxay tahay Qodobbada Xeerka Ciqaabta oo si kala duwan u saameeya xorriyadda saxaafadda. Tusaale ahaan, haddii saxaafadda lagu eeddeeyo qodobbada 451 iyo 452 Xeerka Ciqaabta oo ah cayda iyo sumcad-dilista, saxaafadda waxaa u bannaan in iyadoo adeegsanaysa Qodobka 453 ay soo bandhigto in warka ay sheegtay uu run ahaa. Haseyeeshee, Qodobbada ay kamid yihiin 268, 269 iyo 270 oo ah cayda Sarkaalka Dawladdeed, Waaxyaha Qaranka iyo Garsooraha oo badanaa lagu eeddeeyo saxaafaddeenu waxay gef ku yihiin xorriyadda saxaafadda sababtoo ah saxaafaddu ma helayso qodob kale oo ay isku difaacdo sida qodobka 453 oo kale oo ay caddeynayso in wixii ay sheegtay ay run ahaayeen, oo qodobbadani marka la joogo layskuma difaaci karo. Tusaale ahaan, haddii ay saxaafaddu sheegto in Sarkaal, xafiis dawladdeed ama Garsoore uu laaluush qaatey, kadibna ciddii warkani laga sheegay ay dacwooto oo dabadeed saxaafaddii lagu eeddeeyo qodobbadani midkood. Miyaanu xaqu ahayn in saxaafaddu ay isku difaaci karto caddeynta waxa ay qortay. Bal ka waran haddii ay caddeynayso in Sarkaalkaasi, Xafiiskaasi Dawladdeed ama Garsoorahaasi uu laaluush qaatey? Kee baa dambiile ah saxaafadda mise Sarkaalka? Saxaafaddu sida dadka ma caytanto oo kelmadaha ay dadku isku caayaan ma adeegsato laakiin ficil ama fal ayey wax ku sifaysaa. Taasina waxaa ku filan in madani ahaan caddeynteeda laga dalbo oo haddii laga waayo mag-dhow looga qaado ciddii sumcadda laga dilay, laguna qasbo inay raali-gelin ku soo saarto warbaahinta. Tani faa’iiddada ay leedahay waxa weeyi in saxaafaddii khaldantay magdhow laga qaaday, isla iyadii lagu xukumay inay warkii beeniso, cidii ay ku khaldantayna ay sumcaddeedii kordhayso. Waxaa hubaala saxaafadda sidaasi loola dhaqmaa in aanay mar dambe ku dhiirranayn in gefkaasi ku kacdo.

Garyaqaan Sare Ibraahim Xaashi Jaamac ayaa qoraal uu qoray sannadkii 2007-dii ku sheegay in Qodobka 220 ee Xeerka Ciqaabta oo dhawr jeer saxaafaddeena lagu xukumay uu khilaafsan yahay ‘dastuurkeena iyo nidaamka Madaxweynaha ee aynu qaadanay’. Qodobkani wuxuu dembi ka dhigayaa in meel fagaare ah Madaxweynaha sharaftiisa iyo sumcaddiisa meel loogaga dhaco ama dusha laga saaro eeddaymaha ama masuuliyadda talaabooyinka xukumadda. Annigu waan ku raacsanahay fikirkani sababtoo ah Dawladdii Soomaaliyeed waxay lahayd Madaxweynaha oo ahaa ‘Hoggaamiyaha Qaranka’ iyo Raysal-wasaaraha oo ahaa ‘Hoggaamiyaha Xukumadda’[xii]. Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland se waxay leedahay Madaxweyne qudha oo sida ku xusan Qodobka 90aad ee Dastuurka isku ah hoggaamiyaha Qaranka iyo Xukumaddaba. Farqiga u dhaxeeyaa wuxuu noqonayaa Madaxweynaha uu Xeerka Ciqaabta ka hadlayaa waa hoggaanka qaranka oo dusha looma saari karo eeddaymaha xukumadda sababtoo ah Raysal-wasaaraha ayaa xukumadda hoggaamiya isaga ayaana lagala xisaabtamaa. Laakiin, Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland isaga ayaa ah hoggaamiyaha Qaranka iyo Xukumaddaba sidaas darteed xaq baa loogu leeyahay in dusha loo saaro eeddaymaha xukumadda iyo talaabo kasta oo ay xukumaddu qaado. Haddii kale qodobkani wuxuu qaban lahaa mucaaridku markay eeddaymaha u soo jeedinayaan Madaxweynaha.

Ugu dambeyn, Xeerka Ciqaabtu wuxuu meel ka dhac ku yahay xoriyadda saxaafadda iyo fikirka xorta ah. Waxaana wanaagsan in aan loo adeegsan dacwaddaha saxaafada khuseeya. Dacwaddaha saxaafadda loo haysto waxaa lagu dhaqmi karaa xeerarka madaniga ama xeer-hoosaadka anshax-marineed oo xoogan.

Soo Jeedimooyin

Si ay iskugu dheeli-tirnaadaan xorriyadda iyo anshaxa saxaafaddu, loona helo saxaafad madax-bannaan oo xor ah isla markaana aan sharciga ka talaabsanayn, waxaan soo jeedinayaan in la fuliyo arrimahani soo socda:

1.     In la sameeyo Xeer madani ah oo khuseeya dacwaddaha saxaafadda isla markaana la xoojiyo xeer-hoosaadka anshaxa saxaafadda oo lagu daro qodobbo anshax-marin ah.

2.    In wax ka badel lagu sameeyo Xeerka Saxaafadda oo lagu abbuuro Golaha Qaranka ee Saxaafadda (National Media Council) oo ka kooban dhawr xubnood oo hay’addaha kala duwan ee saxaafadda, dhawr xubnood oo suxifiyiin madax-bannaan ah, dhawr xubnood Goleyaasha Baarlamanka ah, Agaasime Waxaadyada Wasaaradda Warfaafinta iyo xubin Garyaqaan ah.

3.    In Xeerka Saxaafadda laga dhigo Xeerka Saxaafadda Qoraalka ah oo keliya, warbaahinta kale ee Telefishanada iyo Raadyahana loo sameeyo xeerar gaar ah.

4.    In wax ka badel lagu sameeyo Xeerka Ciqaabta iyo Xeerka Madaniga sida ugu dhakhso badan uguna macquulsan (23 Sanno ayey Xeerarka Soomaaliya Maxkamaddaheenu ku shaqeeyaan) baarlamanka ayey hawshani u taalaa oo ay waajibaadkiisa tahay.

5.    In la sameeyo xeer-hoosaadkii Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah, si loo helo nidaam loo bilaabi karo dacwaddaha Dastuuriga ah.

Qalinkii: Cabdishakuur Cali Muxumed (Good Lawyer)

Blog: www.goodlawyer4.blogspot.com

Email: goodlawyer2014@gmail.com

Burco, Somalil

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XIGASHO

[i] Qodobka 1aad ee Xeerka Saxaafadda (Xeer Lr. 27/2004).

[ii] SOMALILAND FORUM: WARQAD FURAN OO KU SAABSAN XEERKA SAXAAFADDA (oo la diray July 2003) ka akhri halkani http://somalilandlaw.com/SF_Second_Submission_on_Press_Law_Somali_Jan_04.htm

[iii] Sida ku cad halkani mareegta macluumaadka ee Internet-ka http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_in_Ethiopia

[iv] "One Hundred Ways of Putting Pressure", Human Rights Watch report, released 10 March 2010

[v] Eeg lambarka 2aad.

[vi] Qodobka 2aad ee Xeerka Saxaafadda (Xeer Lr. 27/2004)

[vii] FAALLO KU SAABSAN XEERKA SAXAAFADDA EE HADDA LA ANSAXIYEY, Somaliland Forum, 9 Feberweri 2004. Ka akhri halkani http://somalilandlaw.com/SF_Third_Submission_on_Press_Law_Somali.htm

[viii] Editors Condemnation of the 2007 bill, War-saxaafaddeedkii Tifaftirayaasha ee 11/11/2007. Halkani ka akhri http://somalilandlaw.com/press___media__law.htm#MediaBill

[ix] Ibraahim Hashi Jama, “Somaliland Media and Press Law” oo aan ka akhriyey 24kii Abriil 2014-ka halkani http://somalilandlaw.com/press___media__law.htm#MediaBill

[x] Martin R. Ganzglass, “The Penal Code of the Somali Democratic Republic with Cases, Commentary and Examples”, Rutgers Press University, 1971.

[xi] Ibrahim Hashi Jama, “Somali Criminal Laws: the Penal Code and other Criminal Laws”  oo aan ka akhriyey 25ka, Abriil, 2014-ka halkani  http://somalilandlaw.com/criminal_law.html

[xii] Ibrahim Hashi Jama, “Using Insult Laws is an insult to Somaliland Media and Public – The Detention and Trial of Haatuf Journalist” 1/10/2007. www.somalilandlaw.com

The Growth of Tribal Influence on Political Engagements is the Echo of a Failed Leadership.

by Advocate Mohamed Abdi Bacaluul

Advocate Mohamed Abdi

Despite of successful electoral competitions and peaceful political turnovers that made Somaliland so special, in comparison to the regional states, our democratization process is more likely to get stuck in the middle of nowhere, or in worst cases to reverse its progress. Because all emphasis were placed on elections. Elections are merely, one of the procedural preconditions of political transition to multiparty democracy, but, are not the ultimate ends of democracy. Where democratic principles and values are absent from the practical life and there is no strong formal legal foundation, democratization remains to be a hollow or an empty rhetoric. Democracy is not the ends, but is means to the ends. It is expected to make our lives better. If democracy is a process that only delivers political leaders who are incompetent to realize the minimum standards of these ends, it should be nothing more than a misleading pretention.

In our country, democratic process was hijacked by tribal politics. We adopted heterogeneous and traditional mechanisms based on consensus and dialogues rather the formal rules. If you look back to all political disputes among parties, you could see that all of them were solved through informal means, whilst electoral laws were set aside. Parties and the public are bound to accept political compromises without questioning their legalities. Because the prevailing fears of political unrest is the impetus for prompt and unsustainable compromises.

Being obsessed about the prospects of instability; is what made us skeptic about the efficiency of the formal approach in resolving the issues. As result of those apprehensions, we failed to get to the bottom of the constitutional crises. We are not daring enough to clear up legal ambiguities through constitutional interpretation.

We are fools if we think that political compromises or Abdiwarabe’s package are always reliable. Our political fears were and are focusing on today, not on the next episodes of the life. As result of that short-sight, one should bear in mind that we cannot escape from the probabilities of facing the same legal and political contentions of the past.

Look at Kulmiye party, instead of developing itself into viable political party with solid institutional bases or at least fostering political vision founded on shared ideals that could lead us in to better life, we see it reversing to where it had started the race. Ain’t we learning enough from the experiences of the past? Where is Udub?  What happened to Ucid? Or previously divided Kulmiye in to two opposite wings?

All of that happened to them, because they were artificial or “brief case” parties. Even today, when you take a close to Kulmiye party, which could be said, it’s politically, the most successful association, it has no sign of political evolution or prospect of democratic consolidation. The ruling party’s conduct, its clan-based equations, or the way its internal conflicts were handled are not only the paradigm of the existing structural infirmity of our national parties but also proves the administrative failures. It shows the absence of long-term strategic visions other than the desire to get or hold the power by hook or crook. 

The absence of the controlling body that could hold the Parties accountable is also one of the factors that scratched the salt to the wounds. That is why we deflected from the constitutional philosophy behind the foundation of limited political parties. The theoretical objectives that were attempting to distance our political engagements from the influence of clan affairs. But now, we see the ruling party deviating from the course of our shared ideals and deliberately chose to breach legal aims of our national law, especially article 2 (3) of regulation of political parties and associations law; law no 14.The provision spells as following:

Article 2:

General principles and compliance with the law

1.     The parties/associations must comply with the provisions of Constitution, the laws of the land and democratic procedures and must not damage the unity of the country, the territorial integrity of the Republic of Somaliland and the public security.

2.    The parties/associations shall participate in educating their supporters about electoral contests and democracy and shall pay particular attention to women and the youth.

3.    The parties/associations must not be based on clanism, single gender or on any other issue which divides the society.

4.    The parties and the associations shall be managed in a manner which is in accord with this Law and is not in conflict with Islamic Sharia, the Constitution of the nation, and the laws of the land and the (relevant) Rules of the parties or associations.

5.    Any person who is a Somaliland citizen and who fulfils the conditions set out in this Law shall have the right to form a political association in accordance with this Law.

Whereas enforcing bodies, namely the Statutory Committee assigned for the Registration of Political Parties or Electoral Commission are turning a blind eye to the political malpractices of ruling party. Their auditing or follow up role were confined to UDHIS and NDP political association which were denied their political rights on the grounds of above mentioned article.

As long as, tribalism remains to be the political spirit of our party engagements, we are bound to cope with its unfavorable aspects when it comes to governance, social justice and legal enforcement.

By Advocate: Mohamed Ahmed Abdi Ba’alul

 (waddi12@hotmail.com)

Ururka Qareennada Somaliland oo Madaxweynaha ka Codsaday inuu Wax ka Qabto Tacadiyada lagula Kacayo Bahda Garsoorka

Ururka Qareennada Somaliland (SOLLA) ayaa dhaleeceyey Xadhiga ay Ciiddamada Booliska Gobolka Sanaag kula kaceen bahda Garsoorka ee gobolka Sanaag.

Hoggaanka SOLLA oo shalay shir jaraa,id ku qabtay magaalada Hargeysa ayaa si weyn u dhaleeceeyay xadhiga lagula kacay bahda  Garsoorka gobolka Sanaag gaar ahaan Guddoomiyihii ururkooga ee gobolka Sanaag, waxaanay tilmaameen inay talaabadaasi tahay mid sharci-darro ah oo aad u fool xun.

Guddoomiyaha SOLLA Garyaqaan Foosi Sheekh Yoonis ayaa cambaareeyey falkan lagula kacay Guddoomiyaha SOLLA ee gobolka Sanaag, waxaanu dhiilo culus ka sheegay xaaladda garsoorka gobolka Sanaag. “Waxaanu Cambareynaynaa Falka Lagula kacay Garyaqaan Cali Siciid, waxaanu halkan bulshada uga sheegaynaa, Madaxweynaha Somaliland u sheegaynaa, hay’addaha sharciga u sheegaynaa, guddida caddaaladda u sheegayna, in aanu gobolka Sanaag sharci ka shaqeyn, sababta oo ah markaanu eegnay dhacdooyin badan oo kala danbeeyey oo aanu diwaangalinay marka la eego, waxa ka mid ah Guddoomiyaha gobolka Sanaag oo qufushay dhammaan xafiisyadii Garsoorayaasha Maxmaddaha; waa dhacdo dhacday oo ku soo baxday saxaafadda oo illaa wakhtigan aanay xukumaddu waxba ka qaban, waxa kale oo dhacday Garsoorayaal xoriyadda laga qaaday iyadoon guddida caddaaladdu ogolaan. Taliyaha Qaybta Bileyska ee Gobolka Sanaag intuu Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Gobolka xafiiskiisa ugu soo galay, ayuu ku hor jeexjeexay amarkii uu u qoray oo uu ku yidhi: 'Ma anniga ayaad I amri kartaa; sideed waar anniga wax iigu soo qortaa istubidhyahow, yaa ku yidhi anniga amar ii soo qor' markaasuu caagad ku dhuftay weliba. Sharciga haddii ayaa lagu kala socdaa; haddii sharciga la ixtiraami waayo, nina nin kama weynaanayo.” ayuu yidhi Guddoomiye Foosi Sh. Yoonis, Guddoomiyaha Ururka Qareennada Somaliland (SOLLA).

Sidoo kale, Guddoomiye Ku-xigeenka SOLLA Xasan Cali Xasan “Xasan Banfas” oo isaguna shirkan jaraa,id ka hadlay ayaa xukumadda ugu baaqay inay xoriyaddiisa u soo celiso Guddoomiyaha SOLLA ee gobolka Sanaag, waxaanu wax laga xumaado ku tilmaamay xadhiga lagula kacayo bahda Garsoorka, isagoo arrintani ka hadlayana wuxuu yidhi: “Waxaanu cambaareyn kulul u jeedinaynaa cidii xidhay Garyaqaan Cali Siciid Jaamac, runtii xuquuqdii uu lahaa Garyaqaankasi waa lagu tacadiyey iyo waliba xuquuqdii dadkii uu matalayey ee uu xuquuqdooda difaacayey. Arrintaasi waxaanu u aragnaa fal-danbiyeed aad u xun, oo aan ku koobnay shakhsiyada Qareenka, balse saameynaysa dhammaan ummadda waayo Qareenku wuxuu mataleyey oo uu dacwad u hayey oo uu xuquuqdooda difaacayey dad muwaadiinin ah oo waliba ah dadka saboolka ah ee aan iska biixin Karin lacagta Qareenka lagu qabsado. Waxa jira in sannadahan danbe ay isa soo tarayaan tacadiyo ka dhan ah bahda Garsoorka, oo ay ku badan tahay xadhig la xidho, waxaa hore loo xidhay Guddoomiyaha Ururka Qareennada, isla Garyaqaanka Cali waxa hore loogu la kacay jidh-dil, imikan wuu xidhan yahay. Waxa kale oo la xidhay Garsooreyaal; sida uu Guddoomiyahuba [Foosi] sheegay. Weligeed may dhicin in Garsoore la xidho!”

Waxaa isna shirkani Jaraa’id ka hadlay Garyaqaan Xuseen Maxamed Shabbeel oo ka mid ah Golaha Sarre ee SOLLA, isagoo nasiib-darro ku tilmaamay tacadiyada loo geysto bahda caddaaladda, isagoo arrintani cambaaraynaya waxaanu yidhi: “Waxaanu Cambaareynaynaa falka tacadiga ah ee loo geystay Garyaqaan Cali Siciid oo aan ahayn markii koowad ee tacadiyo noocaasi ah loo geysto bahda Garsoorka iyo looyaradaba. Waxaanu ugu baaqaynaa Xukumadda tallada haysa iyo Madaxweynahaba in la illaaliyo Sharafta bahda Caddaaladda oo halkeedii lagu soo celiyo oo laga daayo dibin-daabyada.”

Source: Waheen Media Group

Dharaaro Xasuustood: Gaadaashii may dhicin garsoore dacwad weli ka xukumay xukuumadihii Somaliland ee kala danbeeyey

QAYBTII 27

Waxaa Qorey Mudane Maxamed Siciid Gees

Waxyi iguma soo dego.

Haddana wax ima seegaane.

Mudane Maxamed Siciid Gees

Waqtigii ay socotay fadeexaddii gabadhii tababarka ku qaadanaysay Aqalka Cad ee Madaxtooyada Maraykanka, Maria Lewinsky ee lagu eedeeyey inuu fara-xummeeyey Madaxweynihii Maraykanka ee Bill Clinton, ayaa Madaxweyne Cigaal kaftan ku soo qaaday shirkii Golaha Wasiirrada oo yidhi; “Aniga oo u dhaarsan Joornaalka Jamhuuriya ayaan furaa TV-iiga ee CNN-ta, markaas ayaan arkaa isaga oo ka faaloonaya alaabadii Madaxweyne Clinton, markaas ayaan candhoofadayda dib u laqaa oo arkaa rag waxa haysta.” Waqtigaas Joornaalka Jamhuuriya ayuunbaa dalka ka soo bixi jiray. Xukuumadda Marxuun Cigaal ugama dulqaad badnayn saxaafadda xukuumadihii ka dambeeyey, haseyeeshee laba dhacdo oo xilligaas dhacay ayaa soo jiitay indhaha dadka xiiseeya Arrimaha Somaliland:

1.     Madbacaddii NPP ee uu lahaa Marxuun Maxamed Cabdi Shidde Aabbihii asaasihii saxaafadda madaxabannaan ee cusub ee Somaliland oo iyadu lahayd Joornaalka Jamhuuriya, ayaa waxay bakhaar kaga jirtay daarta timacadde ee dawladdu leedahay oo madbacaddu u tiilay.

Siday u dhacdayba xukuumaddii ayaa soo iibsatay madbacad, deeto ku amartay NPP iyo Jamhuuriya inay uga guuraan bakhaarka; waqtigaas oo Jamhuuriya mucaaradad weyn ku haysay xukuumadda Marxuun Cigaal. Dacwad ayaa bilaabantay la isla galay Maxkamadda, iyada NPP iyo Jamhuuriya ku andacoonayaan inay heshiis ku kiraysteen bakhaarka.

Dacwaddii waxay gaadhay Maxkamadda Sare ee Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland. Waxa Guddoomiye ka ahaa Maxkamadda Sare Garsoore Xaashi Muuse oo Jaamacaddaha dalka British-ka wax ku soo bartay, waxa uu dacwaddii u xukumay NPP iyo Jamhuuriya oo waa laga gar helay Xukuumaddi Cigaal.

Madaxweyne Marxuun Cigaal ayaa arrintii ka yaabay oo erayo cadho ihi ka dhaceen. Marka Guddoomiyahii Maxkamadda Sare hadalkii Marxuun Cigaal loo sheegay ayuu ka cadhooday, isna oo istiqaaladiisii soo gudbiyey. Ergooyo badan oo loo dirayna waa ku gacan-saydhay, waxana uu ku noqday dalka Birtish-ka oo uu hore u deggenaa. Hooyadii ayaa nin dhashay waxa uu ahaa nin reer Gabiilay ah. Gaadaashii may dhicin garsoore dacwad weli ka xukumay xukuumadihii Somaliland ee kala danbeeyey.

2.    Xukuumaddii Marxuun Cigaal ayaa mashruuc sharci oo ku saabsan saxaafadda u gudbisay Golaha Wakiiladda. Golahii oo uu Marxuum Qaybe iyo Oday Cilmi iyo Cabdulqaadir Jirde ka yihiin Shirguddoonka ayaa ku soo celiyey xukuumadda mashruuci sharci.

Markii Golahii oo si aqlebiyad leh isku raacay in la celiyo, maadaama uu cabudhinayey saxaafadda sida ay u arkeen. Xukuumaddii Marxuun Cigaal kama didin arrintii ee waxay u saaratay guddi dib-u-habaysa mashruuca sharci oo ay ku jiraan suxufiyiin iyo xubno ka mid ah Bulshada Rayidka ihi . Guddigaasi nuqulkii ay soo gudbiyeen ayaa Golihii Wakiilladu ansixiyey oo noqday Xeerka Saxaafadda. Halkan waxa ka muuqatay Gole gudanaya waajibkiisa. Dib uma dhicin mashruuc sharci oo uu Golaha Wakiilladu ku soo celeyo xukuumaddihii Somaliland ee kala dembeeyey.

b. Akhristaw labada ifafaale waxay muujinayeen sida ay u kala madax bannaan yihiin Waaxaha Qaranku, haddii lagu dedaalo oo mid weliba kaalinta ay qaranka kaga jirto ay qabsan karto.

t. Bal aan dheehanno arrimahaaas la isku qabto waxa uu ka leeyahay Dastuurka Somaliland.

Qodabka 23aad ee Dastuurka Somaliland Xaqa nolosha, nabadgelyenta jidhka, xurmaynta magic samida iyo dambiyada laga galo xuquuqda aadamiga. Farqadiisa 3- Qof kasta wuxu xaq u leeyahay in la xurmeeyo sharaftiisa, sumcadiisa iyo noloshiisa gaar ahaaneed.

Qodabka 31aad ee Dastuurka Somaliland Farqadiisa 3- Saxaafadda iyo warbaahinta kale waxay ka mid yihiin xorriyadda asaasiga ah ee ra’yi dhiibashada waxay leeyihiin madax banaanidooda; way reeban tahay tallaabo kasta oo lagu cabudhinayo; hawshoodna xeer baa nidaaminaya.

Haddaba, sida labadaas arrimood ee uu tilmaamay Dastuurku la isu waafajinayo, ayaa muran ka joogaa. Waxa jirtay waqtigii aan dugsiyada dhexe ku jirnay da’daydu, xisaabta waxa dhigi jiray macallimiin Hindi ah. Soomaalida mid iyo dhif ayaa u badheedhi jiray.

Waxa la sheegay in macallin habeenkii saxaya imtixaankii xisaabta uu hal su’aal ah ka shaqayn kari waayey, haseyeeshee uu buuggii casharka uu ka dhigayey ka helay jawaabtii su’aashaas. Waxa fasalka ku jira wiil cabdi yar la yidhaahdo oo xariif ah oo su’aalo badan. Cabdi yare su’aashii xisaabta ahayd waa qalday maalintaas. Macallinkii ma garanayo sida looga shaqeeyo ee Cabdi Yare uu ku qancin doono. Habeenkii oo dhan ayuu yidhaahdaa maxa muran berri ka jooga fasalka, sawkan Cabdi yarena qalday. Hadda labada qodob ee dastuurka maxaa muran ka joogaa. Dalalka horumaray kuma xidhaan Joornaalada iyo suxufiyiinta aflagaado. Waxa laga qaadaa xaal (libel) dhabar jab ah, taas oo kicisa Joornaalada oo shadaafta u laabta oo ay, sidaas darteed iska ilaashaan wax aflagaado ah inay ku kacaan. Xadhigga Joornalada iyo suxufiyiintu dalka iyo madaxdeeda ayuun buu ceeb ka badan tii lagu aflagaadeeyey u soo jiidaa.

Madaxweynaha Faransiiska ee hadda Mudane Hollande ayaa dhowaan laga baahiyey sawirro isaga oo gabadh fannaanad ah oo uu xidhiidh ka dhexeeyo goor habeennimo mooto ugu dusaya oo qasrigii Madaxtooyada isaga baxay (Jacaylku Kululaa). Markii ay gabadhii dacwaysay Joornaalkii sawirka baahiyey, waxa looga qaaday dhawr boqol oo kun oo doolar oo xaal ah (Libel). War boowe xaalkii aan kala qaadan jirnay marka la isu gafo. ma ku noqonaa? oo ma cilmiyeynaa? waa taas uun Dawladnimadu wax kale ma ahee! Bal adba!!!